cameras

This module provides different camera models.

Pinhole camera model

A camera could be approximated by a projective model, often called pinhole projection. The simplest representation of a camera is a light sensible surface (sensor): an image plane, a lens (projective projection) at a given position and orientation in space.

../../../_images/pinholeCamera.png

The pinhole camera model. An oriented central projective camera.

The pinhole camera geometry models the projective camera with two sub-parametrizations, intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. Intrinsic parameters model the optic component (without distortion) and extrinsic model the camera position and orientation in space. This projection of the camera is described as:

\[\begin{split}P_{3 \times 4} = K [R|t] = \begin{bmatrix} f*k_u & & c_u \\ & f*k_v & c_v \\ & & 1 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} & & & t_x \\ & R_{3 \times 3} & & t_y \\ & & & t_z \\ \end{bmatrix}\end{split}\]
  • Intrinsic parameters \([f; cu; cv]:\)
    • \(ku, kv :\) scale factor relating pixels to distance (often equal to 1),
    • \(f :\) the focal distance (distance between focal and image plane),
    • \(cu, cv :\) the principal point, which would be ideally in the centre of the image.
  • Extrinsic parameters \([R|t] = [R| - RC]:\)
    • \(R :\) the rotation of the camera to the world frame,
    • \(t :\) the translation of the camera. t is not the position of the camera. It is the position of the origin of the world coordinate system expressed in coordinates of the camera-centred coordinate system. The position, \(C\), of the camera expressed in world coordinates is \(C=-R^{-1} t = -R^T t\) (since R is a rotation matrix).

A 3D point is projected in a image with the following formula (homogeneous coordinates):

\[x_i = PX_i = K[R|t]X_i\]
\[\begin{split}\begin{bmatrix} u_i\\ v_i\\ w_i\\ \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} f*k_u & & c_u \\ & f*k_v & c_v \\ & & 1\\ \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} & & & t_x \\ & R_{3 \times 3} & & t_y \\ & & & t_z \\ \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} X_i\\ Y_i\\ Z_i\\ W_i\\ \end{bmatrix}\end{split}\]

OpenMVG Pinhole camera models

  • Pinhole intrinsic
    • Pinhole_Intrinsic : public IntrinsicBase
      • classic pinhole camera (Focal + principal point and image size).
    • Pinhole_Intrinsic_Radial_K1 : public Pinhole_Intrinsic
      • classic pinhole camera (Focal + principal point and image size) + radial distortion defined by one factor.
      • can add and remove distortion
    • Pinhole_Intrinsic_Radial_K3 : public Pinhole_Intrinsic
      • classic pinhole camera (Focal + principal point and image size) + radial distortion by three factors.
      • can add and remove distortion
    • Pinhole_Intrinsic_Brown_T2 : public Pinhole_Intrinsic
      • classic pinhole camera (Focal + principal point and image size) + radial distortion by three factors + tangential distortion by two factors.
      • can add and remove distortion
    • Pinhole_Intrinsic_Fisheye : public Pinhole_Intrinsic
      • classic pinhole camera (Focal + principal point and image size) + fish-eye distortion by four factors.
      • can add and remove distortion
  • Simple pinhole camera models (intrinsic + extrinsic(pose))
// Setup a simple pinhole camera at origin
// Pinhole camera P = K[R|t], t = -RC
Mat3 K;
K << 1000, 0, 500,
     0, 1000, 500,
     0, 0, 1;
PinholeCamera cam(K, Mat3::Identity(), Vec3::Zero());